A Modified E-Voting System based on Enhanced Block Chain Process for Transparent and Secure Voting

Abstract

This dissertation mostly focuses on a block-chain based voting systems. It aims at identifying the strategies and the guidelines as well as provides a comprehensive end-to-end electronic voting system based on block-chain, with the help of encryption private and public techniques such as zero-knowledge proofs to improve privacy. The proposed method is to provide Security and Privacy, Transparency and Trust, Accessibility, Efficiency and Convenience to voters and Security and Fraud Prevention in Election Outcomes. The proposed online voting system using cloud-based hybrid block-chain technology eradicates the flaws that persist in the existing voting system, and it is carried out in three phases: The registration phase, Vote casting phase and Vote counting phase. The integration of SHA-512 encryption ensures that the voter\'s identity remains confidential and the integrity of the vote is maintained. The system also demonstrates improved security, reduced operational cost, real-time vote counting, and transparency for both voters and election authorities. The proposed method shows better result as compare to other previous method in terms of different result parameters such as block size, encryption, decryption, Block size (64 bits), Word size, hash output and number of Rounds. In the nut shall the proposed method perform better due to SHA 512 technique and provide better security as compare to other methods.

Introduction

This study explores the development of a Blockchain-Based E-Voting System aimed at improving the security, transparency, integrity, and accessibility of elections. Traditional voting systems, whether paper-based or electronic, often face challenges such as voter fraud, vote tampering, lack of transparency, limited accessibility, and inefficient vote counting. Blockchain technology offers a decentralized and immutable ledger where votes are securely recorded, encrypted, time-stamped, and protected from unauthorized modifications. By utilizing cryptographic security, smart contracts, and consensus mechanisms, blockchain-based voting systems can ensure voter privacy, prevent duplicate voting, and provide real-time auditability and verifiability.

The literature review highlights various blockchain voting models proposed by researchers. Studies emphasize the advantages of blockchain in enhancing election transparency, voter trust, and tamper resistance through smart contracts, digital signatures, zero-knowledge proofs, and cryptographic techniques. However, common challenges remain, including scalability limitations, transaction costs, voter authentication, legal barriers, digital literacy, and infrastructure requirements. Many researchers recommend hybrid blockchain architectures and improved regulatory frameworks to support large-scale adoption.

The proposed system consists of a web-based frontend, Solidity smart contracts, a Ganache Ethereum test network, MetaMask wallet authentication, and SHA-512 hashing for secure storage of voter identities and votes. Smart contracts manage candidate registration, vote casting, vote counting, and enforcement of the “one vote per user” rule. Voters authenticate using cryptographic wallet addresses, ensuring anonymity while maintaining transparency through publicly verifiable blockchain records.

Several performance and security parameters were evaluated. These include transaction latency, deployment cost, gas consumption, throughput, vote integrity, anonymity, transparency, block confirmation time, and storage requirements. SHA-512 hashing was used to provide irreversible and secure hashing of voter information, ensuring confidentiality and protection against tampering. Its avalanche effect guarantees that even a minor change in input produces a completely different output hash.

Experimental results showed that the prototype successfully recorded votes within 2–5 seconds on the Ganache test environment due to auto-mining. The system maintained vote integrity, prevented duplicate voting, and provided accurate real-time vote tallying. Integration with MetaMask offered a user-friendly experience, displaying transaction confirmations, updated vote counts, and wallet balances. The blockchain's immutable nature ensured that recorded votes could not be altered after submission.

Despite its effectiveness, the prototype has limitations. The Ganache environment does not provide true decentralization, voter authentication is basic, and the system lacks advanced protections against replay attacks and certain user-interface errors. Scalability is currently suitable for small-scale elections, but future improvements may include deployment on public Ethereum networks, Layer-2 solutions such as Polygon, stronger voter verification mechanisms, and privacy-enhancing technologies like Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and homomorphic encryption.

Conclusion

In this presented work, a Block-chain Based E-Voting System has been proposed and simulated using Ethereum development tools like Ganache and Meta Mask, with strong encryption mechanisms such as SHA-512 for securing voter identity and vote data. The system aims to overcome the traditional challenges faced by paper-based and centralized electronic voting systems, such as vote tampering, duplicate voting, lack of transparency, and centralized failure points.By leveraging the decentralized, transparent, and immutable nature of block-chain technology, the system ensures a secure and trustless environment for casting and counting votes. The use of smart contracts automates the voting process, ensuring that the rules of the election are enforced programmatically without human intervention. Each vote is recorded as a unique transaction, and once added to the block-chain, it becomes irreversible and verifiable by all stakeholders.The integration of SHA-512 encryption ensures that the voter\'s identity remains confidential and the integrity of the vote is maintained. The system also demonstrates improved security, reduced operational cost, real-time vote counting, and transparency for both voters and election authorities.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Khushabu Parte. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.